Mucormycosis Associated With Deferoxamine Therapy After allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Mucormycosis is an uncommon acute and often fatal opportunistic fungal infection that is classically seen with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus with acidosis, acute leukemia, or other immunosuppressive conditions. A relatively new association of mucormycosis occurring in patients with iron and aluminum excess who receive deferoxamine therapy has been reported with increasing frequency. While most commonly noted in patients receiving hemodialysis, mucormycosis develops in patients with various iron overload states such as thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, and myelodysplasia where deferoxamine may be used. We report a case of mucormycosis in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and was treated with deferoxamine for transfusioninduced iron overload.